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Antifungal creams treat skin and mucosal infections caused by fungi. Nonprescription creams include butenafine, clotrimazole, miconazole, terbinafine, and tolnaftate. Nystatin and ketoconazole creams require a prescription. If antifungal creams don’t work within 2 weeks, an oral antifungal drug may be prescribed. Antifungal creams are relatively safe if they are accidentally swallowed or get in the eyes.
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Lacosamide is prescribed for seizures. Common side effects include drowsiness, dizziness, headache, incoordination, tremors, blurred vision, upset stomach, and difficulty with concentration and memory. Serious allergic reactions, heart and liver issues, depression, and suicidal thoughts can occur. Avoid alcohol and other depressants while taking lacosamide.
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Zonisamide is an anticonvulsant used for partial onset seizures. Common side effects of zonisamide include drowsiness, dizziness, confusion, headache, poor coordination, and difficulty with memory or finding words. Gastrointestinal symptoms and mood changes can occur. Serious skin and allergic reactions as well as abnormal laboratory findings are possible. Avoid alcohol and other central nervous system depressants when taking zonisamide.
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Clonazepam is a benzodiazepine prescribed for seizures and panic disorder. It enhances the effect of GABA, an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain. Side effects include drowsiness, dizziness, difficulty concentrating, poor coordination, and mood changes. Overdoses can cause coma and respiratory depression. Abuse and long-term use can lead to physical dependence and addiction.
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Phenibut is used for anxiety and cognitive enhancement. It is not FDA-approved but is sold online. Common side effects include confusion, lethargy, drowsiness, dizziness, irritability, agitation, nausea, vomiting, and balance problems. Tolerance and physical dependence can develop within a relatively short time of use. Abruptly stopping can cause life-threatening withdrawal.
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Myostatin inhibitors block the activity of myostatin in the body, resulting in increased muscle mass. Clinical trials are investigating if they will benefit people with muscle-wasting illnesses. It is unclear if they work, and they are not FDA-approved. Potential risks include weakened tendons, reduced bone density, muscle spasms, bleeding disorders, and both vascular and cardiac damage.
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DNP (dinitrophenol) is heavily promoted on social media for weight loss and bodybuilding. It is not legal or safe, with little difference between its suggested and lethal doses. Side effects include headache, weakness, vomiting, lethargy, increased heart and respiratory rates, convulsions, coma, and dangerously high body temperature. Death is due to cardiovascular collapse or very high temperature.
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Carbamazepine is used for seizures, trigeminal neuralgia, and bipolar disorder. Side effects include drowsiness, dizziness, headache, fatigue, ataxia, blurry vision, nausea, vomiting, and dry mouth. More serious side effects include severe rashes, blood problems, liver, and kidney toxicity. Carbamazepine interacts with many other medications, as well as with grapefruit and grapefruit juice.
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Oxcarbazepine is used for partial onset seizures. Common side effects include drowsiness, dizziness, confusion, headache, incoordination, and difficulty with memory. Gastrointestinal symptoms, double vision, dystonia, and low sodium levels can occur. Serious skin and allergic reactions are possible. Drug interactions occur when taken with central nervous system depressants, hormonal contraceptives, and diuretics.
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Pregabalin is used for nerve pain, fibromyalgia, anxiety, and partial-onset seizures. Common side effects are drowsiness, dizziness, poor concentration, confusion, memory problems, unsteadiness, tremors, dry mouth, constipation, nausea, and vomiting. It is a schedule V in the US due to risk of abuse and physical dependence. Avoid central nervous system depressants, such as alcohol, that increase sedation risk.
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