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Donepezil is frequently prescribed to help treat Alzheimer's dementia. It raises levels of acetylcholine in the brain. That can modestly improve symptoms but also cause numerous adverse reactions and drug interactions. Toxic exposures can occur when patients inadvertently take extra doses and when young children access family members' medications.
Molnupiravir is an oral medication currently being investigated as a treatment for COVID-19 infection and has been shown to be safe and effective in clinical trials. The pharmaceutical company Merck recently applied for an EUA for molnupiravir from the US FDA.
Famotidine is a medication commonly used for heartburn, reflux, and other gastric conditions. The dosing of famotidine varies based on the condition being treated, and famotidine is usually taken once or twice daily. Side effects of famotidine include headache and constipation or diarrhea. Use of famotidine has not been associated with cancer development in humans.
Euphorbia, also known as spurges, is a genus of over 2000 different flowering plants. These plants contain a milky white sap that can be very irritating to the skin, eyes, and mouth. If someone is exposed to spurge sap, it is important to decontaminate the exposed area.
Opioids are powerful drugs that can relieve pain but also impair breathing, leading to brain injury and death in overdose. The rising number of deaths involving opioids is referred to as the opioid epidemic. People are dying in numbers that exceed the death toll seen during the peak of the AIDS epidemic. Listen to our podcast, Poison!, to learn more.
Susan Smolinske, PharmD, FACCT, DABAT is a clinical toxicologist, currently teaching as adjunct Professor at the University of New Mexico. Dr. Smolinske completed her Bachelor’s degree in Pharmacy at the University of Florida in Gainesville and PharmD at Idaho State University.
Tecovirimat (TPOXX®) is an antiviral drug used to treat smallpox and monkeypox infections. People with severe monkeypox disease, those with weakened immune systems, and young children may be candidates for treatment with TPOXX®. Since it is held in the Strategic National Stockpile, TPOXX® must be obtained from the CDC or local or state health departments.
Nitrosamines are common chemicals in our daily lives. While exposure to small amounts of nitrosamines is likely not dangerous, long-term exposure to high levels of certain nitrosamines is associated with an increased risk of cancer.
Tianeptine is a medication approved in some non-US countries for anxiety and depression. It has not been approved by the FDA, but there has been an increase in people using tianeptine in the US. Taking tianeptine can lead to adverse effects and sometimes overdose. Tianeptine can be abused and severe withdrawal symptoms can occur when people who are dependent stop taking it.
In 2019, U.S. poison control centers provided telephone guidance for over 2.1 million human poison exposures. That's one poison exposure reported every 15 seconds. While poisoning affects ALL age groups, peak poisoning frequency occurs in one- and two-year-olds, with children younger than 6 years comprising nearly half of poison exposures (43%). Since 2008, poisoning fatalities have exceeded those from motor vehicle traffic.
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