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Poppers are recreational drugs containing alkyl nitrites. They are used for muscle relaxation and sexual enhancement, but using them can cause low oxygen levels, difficulty breathing, and feeling faint. In severe or untreated cases, death can occur.
Taste aversive agents are unpleasant tasting substances often added to potentially dangerous chemicals with the intent of preventing poisoning from accidental ingestion by humans or pets. They are also used in over-the-counter products to help discourage nail-biting and thumb sucking; however, there is no evidence indicating that their usage decreases the incidence or severity of poisonings.
Bath color tablets are products that dissolve in bath water to create various colors. They are available in a variety of shapes including tablets, wafers, or drops, which may look edible to children. They are generally safe if ingested by accident, but could be dangerous in large amounts. They may also cause allergic reactions in some children.
In 2023, the 55 US poison control centers (Poison Control) provided telephone guidance for nearly 2.1 million human poison exposures. That's about 6.2 poison exposures/1,000 population, 32.1 poison exposures in children younger than 6 years/1,000 children, and 1 poison exposure reported to US poison control centers every 15 seconds.
Copperheads are venomous snakes. Their bites can cause local pain, swelling, redness, bruising, and blistering, as well as systemic symptoms like low blood pressure and bleeding. In some cases, no symptoms are present. Serious effects are rare. If a bite occurs, stay calm, immobilize the bite area, and seek help from experts.
Dish soap contains ingredients that help with hand-washing dishes, household cleaning, and removing oils from the skin. It can also be helpful when treating poison ivy. If swallowed, it can cause nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea. If splashed in the eyes, it can cause eye irritation. Dish soap should not be mixed with other household products as this can produce dangerous fumes.
Ecstasy, an illegal drug of abuse, is a stimulant related to amphetamine. An ecstasy overdose can cause high blood pressure, a rapid heart rate, seizures, dehydration, a dangerously high body temperature, and death. An ecstasy user who develops medical distress should be seen promptly in an emergency room.
Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors target and reduce inflammation. One JAK inhibitor, baricitinib, is used to treat COVID-19 infection. The JAK inhibitor oclacitinib (Apoquel) has not been studied in humans and is not used to treat COVID-19 infection.
Clonidine is a medication used to treat high blood pressure and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. In overdoses, clonidine can cause low heart rate and blood pressure, drowsiness, and shallow breathing. Only take clonidine as directed by your doctor to avoid unwanted adverse effects.
Smelling salts contain ammonia-based chemicals, and are used to help revive people who have fainted or are lightheaded. When inhaled, the chemicals in smelling salts cause nose and throat irritation as well as temporary increases in heart rate. While smelling salts are generally safe when used as directed, prolonged inhalation may result in permanent lung damage or death.
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