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Spiked beverages have become increasingly common. Although they usually do not contain a high percentage of alcohol, many of the brands and names are for products that traditionally have not contained alcohol. This can cause problems when children or unsuspecting adults consume them, believing they are non-alcoholic.
Genital desensitizers contain local anesthetics and are designed to numb the external genitalia to enhance sexual activities. When used in excess or too frequently, genital desensitizers can cause severe toxicity. Antidotes and medical treatments are available in hospital settings, but delays in seeking medical care can result in more severe symptoms or even death.
Aspirin is an over-the-counter medication used as an anti-inflammatory agent and for pain or fever relief. Low dose aspirin is used to prevent heart attacks and strokes in people with existing heart disease, and sometimes in pregnancy to prevent preeclampsia. Normal side effects include stomach upset and indigestion. Aspirin overdose can be life-threatening.
A hair relaxer is a cream or thick paste that chemically changes the texture of curly hair to make it straighter. If it is swallowed or comes into contact with the skin or eyes, hair relaxers can cause burns.
Fire extinguishers, when used properly, are generally safe. However, there is some risk for mild respiratory, skin, or eye irritation. The use of a fire extinguisher in areas with poor air flow, or intentional inhalation of fire extinguishers, can produce serious toxicity that would require medical evaluation.
Nicotine is the main toxic ingredient in cigarettes and cigarette butts; it is very poisonous. Nicotine acts very quickly when swallowed, and the amount contained in just one cigarette butt is enough to poison a child.
DEET is an insect repellant which helps prevent bites, and illnesses, from mosquitos and ticks. There are rare reports of health problems associated with the use of DEET, but most have been because of using the product incorrectly. The potential risks of West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and other diseases caused by infected insects surpass the slight risks associated with DEET.
There are many possible causes of contaminated water including physical, chemical, biological, and radiological agents. While the most common are contaminants that cause gastrointestinal toxicity, damage to other body systems can occur. The most vulnerable groups include infants and children, pregnant women, the elderly, and people who are immunocompromised.
Cement is used widely. Its high pH makes it corrosive and it can burn the skin, eyes, mouth, and lungs. The best prevention is to avoid or minimize exposure to it.
When used as directed, hairspray is minimally toxic. Unintentional eye contact, inhalation, or ingestion of small amounts of hairspray might produce minor irritating effects. Irritation should improve by rinsing the eyes or mouth or getting fresh air. Deliberately swallowing or inhaling hairspray can be very dangerous.
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